Understanding Macular Degeneration

Macular degeneration is an eye disorder that results in damaged sharp and central vision. According to the American Optometric Association, it affects an estimated 1.8 million Americans 50 years and older. Macular degeneration is largely associated with aging, but in the modern world of electronic devices, all ages should be aware of the eye disorder.

Perhaps you know someone who has been diagnosed with macular degeneration, but if you’re like most people, you’re probably not very familiar with the details of the condition. Below we’ve summarized the most important facts you need to know about macular degeneration and what steps you can take to prevent and treat it. 

What is macular degeneration?

Macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is a common eye condition that affects the macula—the most sensitive part of the retina that allows us to see objects straight ahead. Someone with macular degeneration may develop blank spots in their central vision or see objects dimly.

How fast the disease progresses depends on the individual, with some people not noticing any changes to their vision for a long time. Macular degeneration by itself does not leave individuals completely blind, but it can hinder everyday activities, such as seeing faces clearly, driving, reading, writing, or work that requires seeing closely. 

Factors that contribute to macular degeneration include:

  • Age
  • Smoking
  • Race 
  • Family history and genetics

What are symptoms of age-related macular degeneration?

If you believe that you may be experiencing symptoms of macular degeneration, the common symptoms of age-related macular degeneration are as follows:

  • Blurry vision
  • Blind spots or dark areas in the center of your vision
  • Difficulty recognizing family faces
  • Reduced or loss of central vision 

The more common form of macular degeneration, known as dry macular degeneration, may affect one or both eyes. If only one eye is affected, you may not notice any changes in your vision because the other eye is compensating for the weak eye.

Wet macular degeneration is less common, more severe, and can lead to rapid and significant vision loss due to fluid leakage from abnormal blood vessels.

Am I at risk for age-related macular degeneration?

Macular degeneration is a common eye problem that causes blurred or reduced vision, and it’s important to be aware of the factors that may increase your risk for developing macular degeneration:

  • 50+ years old
  • Family history
  • Current or prior smoker
  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Overweight
  • Low macular pigment
  • Sun exposure
  • Drusen (tiny yellow or white deposits under the retina identified by your eye doctor)

Can you prevent macular degeneration?

While there is nothing you can do to prevent aging, there are certain lifestyle activities that you can do to prevent this eye condition. Here are the things you can do to help prevent macular degeneration:

  • Avoid smoking
  • Regularly exercise
  • Maintain normal blood pressure and cholesterol levels
  • Eat a healthy diet, including dark green, leafy vegetables and fish

In addition to all of those things, be sure to get frequent eye exams from your optometrist. Your optometrist can give specific recommendations based on your lifestyle and can perform the necessary tests to detect macular degeneration. Be sure to ask clarifying questions if you do not understand what your eye doctor tells you. Some questions you can ask your eye doctor to get a better understanding of macular degeneration are:

  • Can my macular degeneration be treated?
  • How will this condition affect my vision now and in the future?
  • What symptoms should I look for?
  • What lifestyle changes do I need to make?
  • If your loved one has macular degeneration: What can I do to help my loved one?

What can I do if I have concerns about macular degeneration?

If you have the risk factors or wonder if you may have macular degeneration, schedule an appointment with a VSP® eye doctor. Your VSP eye doctor can detect macular degeneration with dilation during your yearly comprehensive eye exam. If you’re looking to save on your next eye exam, consider getting VSP Individual Vision Plans coverage. Find an individual vision insurance plan, customized just for you.

Information received through VSP Individual Vision Plans’ social media channels is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, medical recommendations, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition

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